ST-28 (Shuǐdào, 水道) — Water Passage

Anatomical location

On the lower abdomen, 3 B-cun below the umbilicus and 2 B-cun lateral to the anterior midline.

Traditional actions

Opens water pathways; promotes urination; regulates lower-burner qi; reduces stagnation.

Recorded indications

Primary: Difficult urination; lower abdominal distention.

Secondary: Menstrual pain; infertility in traditional patterns; constipation; hernia-type pain.

How to read this reference

AcuAtlas separates anatomical location, traditional classification, recorded actions, indications, insertion-depth references, and moxibustion notes because these fields answer different study questions. The location statement is the orientation anchor. The classification and actions describe traditional reference categories, while indications summarize how checked educational sources associate the point with established teaching material. They are not a recommendation to select or stimulate the point.

Depth and moxibustion entries are reproduced as bounded reference notes rather than procedural instructions. Individual anatomy, technique, angle, clinical setting, and local professional standards can change what is appropriate. Review the cited documents and supervised training material before using any technical field. The normalized map coordinate is included only to place the point on the matching AcuAtlas body plate; it is not a substitute for palpation or anatomical assessment.